Vocabulary list

Most Common French Verbs: 40 Essential Verbs You Need

The most common French verbs — être, avoir, aller, faire and more — with usage notes and how each anchors a grammar pattern.

Five verbs do most of the work in French: être (to be), avoir (to have), aller (to go), faire (to do/make), and dire (to say). Learn these first — they appear in idioms, tenses, and everyday speech constantly.

The big 5 — learn these first

FrenchEnglishNote
êtreto beIrregular. Helping verb for movement verbs and reflexives.
avoirto haveIrregular. Helping verb for most verbs. Also: avoir faim/soif/froid.
allerto goIrregular. With infinitive = near future: je vais manger.
faireto do, makeUsed for weather (il fait beau) and activities (faire du sport).
direto say, telldire à quelqu'un = tell someone.

Movement

FrenchEnglishNote
venirto comevenir de + infinitive = to have just done.
partirto leave
sortirto go out
entrerto enter
arriverto arrive
monterto go up
descendreto go down
resterto stay
marcherto walk; to function
courirto runIrregular.

Daily life

FrenchEnglishNote
mangerto eat
boireto drinkIrregular.
dormirto sleep
se réveillerto wake upReflexive.
se leverto get upReflexive with accent change.
s'habillerto get dressedReflexive.
travaillerto work
étudierto study
lireto readIrregular.
écrireto writeIrregular.
écouterto listen toNo preposition: écouter la musique.
regarderto watch, look atNo preposition: regarder un film.

Thinking and feeling

FrenchEnglishNote
penserto think
croireto believeIrregular.
savoirto know (facts, how to)savoir + infinitive = to know how to.
connaîtreto know (people, places)Different from savoir.
comprendreto understand
vouloirto wantJe voudrais (polite) = I would like.
pouvoircan, to be able
devoirmust, have to; owe
aimerto like, love
préférerto preferAccent flips: je préfère.

Communication and exchange

FrenchEnglishNote
parlerto speak, talk
demanderto ask (for)False friend — NOT 'demand'.
répondreto answer, reply
appelerto callDouble l: j'appelle.
donnerto give
prendreto takeIrregular.
acheterto buyAccent: j'achète.
vendreto sell
payerto payy can become i: je paie or je paye.

Tips to memorize this list faster

  • Memorize the present-tense conjugations of être, avoir, aller, and faire cold. They show up everywhere — as helping verbs too.
  • venir de + infinitive = just did. aller + infinitive = going to do. Two patterns cover past and future without a real tense.
  • savoir = know facts or skills. connaître = be familiar with people, places, works of art. Not interchangeable.
  • Reflexive verbs (se laver, se lever, s'habiller) describe things you do to yourself. They use être in the passé composé.

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